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A NEW AGE FROM THE NORTH. The Revolution of the Fifth Century,—The World in a Dead-lock, —The World's one Work and its Three Workers, The Jew, the Greek, the Roman unable to advance,—The Jew could not have discovered Christianity,—Nor the Greek, the Baconian Philosophy,—Nor the Roman, Constitutional Government,—A fresh Race needed to give the World a Second Start,—A New Race arrives from the North. |
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THE SERVICES OF THE SCOTS TO CHRISTIANITY IN THE MIDDLE AGES. The Scoti the first of the Northern Nations to appear in Southern Europe—Their name missing from the Roll of Scythian Invaders, Why have Historians overlooked them?—They were earliest on the Scene,—A considerable Interval elapsed betwixt their Appearance and that of Tribes that followed,—They were comparatively few,—Portents which Rome's Statesmen could not read,—The Work of the Huns, Vandals, etc., to destroy, —The Mission of the Scoti to rebuild,—Bird's-eye view of the Scottish Missions in the early centuries,—Rome's Claim to have preserved Letters, Arts, and Christianity examined and rejected. |
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A SECOND MORNING IN SCOTLAND. Destruction of the Ancient World by the Gothic Nations,—The share each had in rebuilding,—The Frank, the Lombard, the Ostrogoth give a little help,—The Saracens give more,—Chief burden of restoring the World assigned to the Scots,—Located outside the Roman Empire,— Shut out from Rome and shut in with the Bible,—Other Causes of Isolation,—The Head-quarters of the Scottish Church at Iona,—The Bible the Fountain of its Theology and of its Government,—The Scottish Church Free-born. |
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NINIAN—SCENE OF HIS YOUTH—CONVERSION—FIRST EVANGELISTIC LABOURS—MODE OF EVANGELISING. Breath of a new Life,—Three great Individualities,—Ninian,—Parentage and Education,—His Native Landscape,—Calamities of his Times and Country,—His Conversion,—Ebb of Christianity and revival of Paganism in Galloway,—He resolves to Evangelise in Galloway, Numerous Miracles attributed to him,—The real Ninian simply a Home Missionary,—Ninian converts not by Miracle but by the Truth. |
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NINIAN VISITS ROME—HIS JOURNEY THITHER—ROME IN NINIAN'S DAY. Motives assigned for his Journey by Ailred,—His true Motives, His Road tracked through England,—Through France,—Lyons and Irenaeus,—Ninian crosses the Alps,—Ninian enters Rome,—Pagan Rome changing into Christian Rome,—Rome in Ninian's day,—Election of Damasus as Pope,—Splendour and Avariciousness of the Clergy,—Jerome lashes Greed of Clergy, —Imperial Edicts restraining it,—Citizens of Rome,—A Black Cloud in the North. |
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NINIAN RETURNS TO BRITAIN—VISITS MARTIN OF TOURS—BUILDS A CHURCH AT WHITHORN. Visits Martin of Tours on his way back,—Martin a great Patron of Monachism,—He transplants it into the West,—Ninian resolves to work on these lines,—Martin's Masons follow him into Galloway,—Build him a Church at Whithorn, —CANDIDA CASA,—Basis of his Missionary labours, and adaptedness of Site,—Landscape as seen from Candida Casa, —Has Rome given Ninian clearer Views of the Gospel? |
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EASTERN MONACHISM—SCOTCH MONACHISM—ARRANGEMENTS AND STUDIES IN CANDIDA CASA—NINIAN'S LAST LABOURS AND DEATH. Description of Eastern Monachism,—It becomes Fashionable at Rome,—Monachism a selfish and self-righteous thing,—The Monachism introduced into Galloway by Ninian active and aggressive,—His Monastery a College for training Missionaries,—Picture of Ninian's School and Pupils, —Arrangements of Daily Work,—Plan and Subjects of Study, —Theology of Candida Case,—"Pillars of Salt" on the Highroad of Ecclesiastical History,—Ninian not the first Planter of Christianity among the Southern Picts,—He Reforms the already Christianised Picts,—Ninian's Posthumous Individuality,—His Death and Burial,—Three Mighties |
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PALLADIUS—PELAGIANISM—PALLADIUS SENT TO THE SCOTS IN IRELAND—REJECTED BY THEM. DIES AND IS BURIED AT FORDUN. A shadowy Personage,—Conflict of Old Systems with Christianity,—Rise of Pelagianism,—A Denial of the Fall, and by consequence, of the Atonement,—Its authors, Morgan and Kelly,—Its supposed real Author, Rufinius,—Jerome Opposes it,—Coelestius (Kelly) Opposed and Defeated by Augustine, —Pelagius (Morgan) Condemned and Acquitted by turns at Rome,—Pelagianism enters Britain,—Palladius sent to check it, —Appointed "First Bishop of the Scots,"—Palliadius sent to the Scots in Ireland,—Historic Proofs,—Rejected by the Scots, —Leaves Ireland, Appears among the Picts,—Dies at Fordum in the Mearns,—Memorials of him at Fordun. |
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PATRICK—BIRTH, BOYHOOD, AND YOUTH—CARRIED OFF BY PIRATES. With Patrick comes a second commencement of Scotland's History,—The Patrick of the Monkish Chroniclers,—The real Patrick,—His Birthplace,—His Parentage,—His Boyhood and its Pleasures,—His Conscience asleep,—A terrible Calamity befalls him,—Carried captive to Ireland, Sold for a Slave. |
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PATRICK'S CAPTIVITY IN IRELAND—HIS CONSCIENCE AWAKENS—PROLONGED ANGUISH. A veiled Actor,—Unpitied Anguish,—The timing of Patrick's Calamity,—Patrick in Adversity's School,—The son of Calpurnius a Swine-herd,—He sees himself,—His past Life as seen by him a thing of Guilt and Horror,—An Ulcer in the Soul, —The Tempest within makes him insensible to the Tempest without,—Terror of God,—His Cry for Pardon,—End gained by his prolonged Distress. |
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PATRICK FINDS PEACE—UNCONSCIOUS PREPARATION FOR FUTURE WORK—ESCAPES FROM IRELAND. A Hand put forth to Heal,—An old Truth with a new Meaning, —Patrick enters into a new Life,—His Joy,—His preparation for his lifework thorough,—He begins to have Dreams of Deliverance from Captivity,—He flees,—Finds a Ship and is taken on Board,—Returns Home. |
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PATRICK AGAIN AT HOME—THOUGHTS OF IRELAND—DREAMS—RESOLVES TO DEVOTE HIMSELF TO ITS CONVERSION. Spiritual Greatness through Agony,—Illustrative examples, —Luther etc.,—Patrick at his Father's Door,—Again amid the Scenes of his Youth,—His old Companions around him, —Ireland the land of his second and better Birth,—His Heart still in it,—Hears Voices in his Sleep calling him to return to it, —Resolves to give himself to the Conversion of Ireland,—His purpose opposed by Parents and Presbyters,—Patrick's Preparations and Equipments as a Missionary,—His Anointing not of Man. |
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PATRICK—GREATNESS OF HIS MISSION—ITS OPPORTUNENESS—YEAR OF PATRICK' S ARRIVAL—HE PRECEDES PALLADIUS—PALLADIUS SENT FR0M ROME TO COUNTERACT HIM. Sets out for Ireland,—Opportuneness of his Mission,—Arrives in Ireland A.D. 405,—Was Palladius or Patrick the first to arrive in Ireland,—Medieval chroniclers make Palladius the first to arrive,—Proofs that the Mission of Patrick did not follow but preceded the Mission of Palladius,—Palladius sent by the Pope to counteract Patrick,—Hence rejection of Palladius by the Scots. |
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PATRICK CROSSES THE SEA—BEGINS HIS MINISTRY—MANNER OF HIS PREACHING—EFFECT ON THE IRISH. Patrick's following,—Disembarks at mouth of Slany, Ulster, —His first Sermon,—Simplicity of his Preaching,—Effect upon his Hearers,—The first Seal of his Commission. |
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PATRICK' S BARN—HIS TOURS—IN COUNTRY DISTRICTS—IN TOWNS—CONVERSATIONS— SERMONS—TOILS AND PERILS—EFFORTS ON BEHALF OF SLAVES—WAS HE EVER AT ROME ? Patrick's Barn,—Monkish Caricatures of Patrick,—The Confessio the one true Portrait,—Tours in rural Villages,—His Sermons,— Visits the Towns,—A better Sacrifice than that of the Druid,—Change of his converts,—His Labours and Perils, —Patrick's real Miracles,—Efforts on behalf of Slaves,—Was Patrick ever at Rome,—His Anointing by the Pope a Fable. |
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PATRICK'S—"DAY OF TARA"'—CONVERSION OF IRELAND, ETC. Patrick and Luther, Columba and Calvin, Patrick's first Congregation,—Extension of His Mission,—Rumours of a Great Advent,—Festival of Tara,—Patrick goes thither,—His Fire on Hill of Slane,—Brought into Presence of King,—His Address to King Logaire,—Converts of High Rank,—Patrick enters Meath,—The Games interrupted,—Goes Westward,—Arrives at Wood of Focloid,—Evangelises in Leinster and Munster,—Ireland Christianised. |
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THE THREE HUNDRED AND SIXTY-FIVE CHURCHES. Sum of Patrick's Labours in Ireland,—Three hundred and sixty-five Bishops,—Were these Diocesan or Congregational Bishops?—Picture of Roman Church in Third Century, as drawn by Hippolytus,—In Third Century a Congregation, a Pastor, and Elders formed a complete Church,—Elders a Teaching and Ruling Body,—How the Cardinalate arose, —After Council of Nice great Changes,—Picture of Cyprianic Church in Africa,—Down to Middle of Third Century Bishop and Pastor were the designation of the same Church-Officer, —Patrick's Bishops not Diocesan but Village Bishops,—His Monasteries and first Churches,—His Death. |
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THE SCHOOLS OF EARLY IRELAND. Glory of Times succeeding Patrick,—Ireland a Land of Scholars and Pastors,—Historic Testimonies of this Fact,—Its Schools richly Endowed,—Malachy the first to introduce Monks and Monkery into Ireland,—Number of Students in Irish Schools, —Resorted to by Foreign Youth,—Church and School in every Tribe,—Send Forth Band after Band of Pastors and Missionaries,—Vast Physical and Moral Change in Ireland, —Seven Centuries of Peace. |
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ABERNETHY—LINK BETWEEN IONA AND WHITHORN—ITS POSITION—ITS FOUNDING—BUILDINGS—CHURCHES OF EARLY SCOTLAND—MISSIONARY STAFF—EVANGELISTIC TOURS—ROUND TOWERS. Ninian's Lamp dying,—England plunged into a Second Night, —Abernethy kindled: a Link betwixt Candida Casa and Iona, —Grandeur of its Site,—Is meanwhile the Centre of Scotland's Christianisation,—Its Foundation by King Nectan,—Style of Edifice,—Early Stone Churches of Scotland,—Picture of the Abernethy Establishment,—Abernethy a Brotherhood, —Planted at the Centre of the Kingdom,—Methods of Evangelising,—Wayside Addresses,—Conscience the Foundation Stone of the World,—Round Towers,—Age of Round Tower of Abernethy,—Uses of Round Towers,—Branch Institutions of Abernethy,—Interest still attaching to it. |
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COLUMBA—BIRTH—EDUCATION—FOUNDS NUMEROUS COLLEGES—INVOLVED IN POLITICAL QUARRELS. Light carried back to Scotland,—Arrival of thirteen Strangers, —Birth and Parentage of Columba,—Endowments of Mind and Body,—His Education,—His Schoolmasters,—Irish Monasteries,—Monasteries Founded by Columba, —Transcription of a Psalter,—Quarrels consequent thereon, —Battle of Cooldrevny,—Christianity Stationary, Christian Character Progressive. |
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COLUMBA—DEPARTS FROM IRELAND—VOYAGE—ARRIVES AT IONA—ASPECT AND PROPERTIES OF THE ISLAND— ADAPTATION FOR MISSION—ERECTS HABITATIONS— CHRISTIANITY IN A CRISIS—REFORMS ITSELF—FINDS A NEW FOOTHOLD—IONA AND ROME: THE FIRST THE ANTIPODES OF THE LAST. Columba's Complications,—Leaves Ireland,—Voyage across Channel,—Touch at Oronsay,—Arrive at Iona,—Iona, —Physical Properties,—Mission Adaptabities, —Zion and Iona, —Grant of the Island,—First Habitations,—A Critical Hour in the World's History, —The "Church" falls and Christianity rises, —Christianity finds a new Foothold,—Rome in the South, Iona in the North. |
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ORGANISATION OF IONA—ITS MATERIAL FRAMEWORK—ITS SPIRITUAL MECHANISM—ITS TEXT-BOOK—ITS PRESBYTER-ABBOT—PRESBYTER MONKS—ECCLESIASTICAL GOVERNMENT. Neutral position of Iona,—First Columban Hamlet,—Dress and Diet of Fathers,—The form of their Tonsure,—A supposed Traveller,—Iona and Rome, a Contrast,—Spiritual Mechanism of Iona,—At the Centre the Bible,—Columban Transcribers,—Iona a Protest for Independence,—A Fight for Freedom of Conscience,—Government of Iona by an Abbot, —Obedience of the Brethren,—Points of Difference betwixt the Monks of Iona and the Monks of Asia and of Mediaeval Europe, —No Vow of Celibacy, or of Poverty, or Passive Obedience taken by Iona Presbyters,—Iona a Missionary Institute,—No Bishop at Iona,—Ordination performed by Presbyters,—Knox and Presbyterian Polity. |
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COLUMBUN AGRICULTURE—SCIENCE AND LITERATURE—THE HEALING ARTS—COLUMBAN THEOLOGY, AUGUSTINIAN. Seedtime and Harvest restored to Caledonia,—Iona a Model Farm,—First Book on Holy Land issues from Iona,—The Healing Art Studied,—Astronomy and Theology,—Holy Scripture the only Rule in Iona,—Testimony of Bede, —Testimony of Columbanus,—The Reformation in Iona before it was in Wittenberg,—Gallus and Sedulius on Election, —Sedulius and Claudius Scotus on Free Will,—On the Function of the Law,—On the New Birth,—Sedulius etc., on Faith as the Instrument of Justification,—Sedulius on Faith and Good Works,—Unchangeableness of Christianity, —Meteors and Stars. |
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COLUMBA VISITS KING BRUDE—INTERVIEW—STRATEGICAL PLAN OF EVANGELISATION—COLUMBAN COLLEGES PLANTED ALL OVER SCOTLAND—COLUMBA'S GENERALSHIP—NO BISHOP AT IONA—MS. COPIES OF THE SACRED SCRIPTURES. Columba Visits King Brude,—Journey and Interview, —Through the King Pioneers his way to the Nation, —Columban Evangelisation proceeds on the Tribal Organisation,—A Columban Mission planted in each Clan, —Iona the Model of the Branch Institutes,—These latter set down on a Strategic Principle,—Spread of Columban Institutes over Scotland,—The Caledonian a new man,—All Institutes ruled from Iona,—Columba's watchful Oversight,—A Presbyter ruling Bishops,—Culdee Transcribers,—Culdee Preachers. |
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GENEALOGY OF SCOTTISH KINGS—"THE STONE OF DESTINY" —COLUMBA NEGOTIATES SUCCESSFULLY FOR THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE SCOTTISH MONARCHY—HIS DEATH. Critical Position of the Scots,—Columba Negotiates the INDEPENDENCE of the Scottish Throne,—Crowns the First really Independent Scottish King,—Parliament of Drumceat, Changes in Caledonia,—Columba's Last Days,—His Last Visits and Sayings,—He Dies,—A Tomb of the Whitest Marble. |
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THE CELTIC EVANGELIZATION—FRIDOLT AND FRANCE—DISIBOD AND THE RHINE—COLUMBANUS AND THE VOSGES, SWITZERLAD AND ITALY. No Pause,—Flight of "Doves of Iona" to Northumbria, —Bede's Testimony to the Men and their Labours,—They Christianise England,—The Culdees enter France,—Fridolt, —He Evangelises at Poitier and in the Rhine Valley, —Succeeded by Disibod,—A Half-Century's Culdee Evangelisation,—Columbanus,—Appears as Columba dies, —Prophet to the Nations,—Crosses to France,—Evangelises in the Vosges,—Plants Churches and Schools,—Missionaries from Iona join the Evangelisation,—Columbanus driven from the Vosges,—Goes to Switzerland,—Evangelises at Constance and Zurich,—Again driven out,—Goes to Italy,—Gentleness of the Culdees. |
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COLUMBANUS IN ITALY— HIS GREAT PROTEST AGAINST THE PAPACY—HIS LETTER TO POPE BONIFACE IV.—FOUNDS BOBBIO. Columbanus in Italy,—His Mission in Italy,—Phocas and Boniface,—Controversy of the Three Chapters,—Independence of Culdee Church,—Testimony of Baronius,—Letter of Columbanus to Pope Boniface IV.,—Pope bidden "Cleanse his Chair,"—Told he is Fallen,—Significance of Letter as a Protest against the Supremacy of Rome,—Columbanus dies. |
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THE CULDEAN CHURCH—IN THE THE RHINELAND—IN GERMANY—IN HOLLAND, ETC.—WILLIBOD AND BONIFACE—OVERTHROW OF THE CULDEAN CHURCH. The Culdees in France,—France strewed with Culdee Institutions,—Culdees in Rhineland,—They Christianise Gerrmany,—Willibrod in Germany,—Killean,—Culdees in Iceland,—Bird's-eye view of Culdee Church in Europe,—History of its Overthrow,—Winfrid, alias Boniface, sent as a Spy from Rome,—Creeps into the Confidence of the Culdee Leader, —After Three Years, goes back to Rome,—Returns to Germany as Papal Legate,—Obtains the Help of the Carlovingian Kings,—Puts down the Culdean Institutes, and replaces them with Benedictine Monasteries—Papal Sees planted,—The Culdee Evangelisation trodden out,—The Dark Ages follow. |
End of Vol. II.